The Fandango Shell

The Fandango Shell#

Sometimes, you may find cumbersome to invoke Fandango from the command line again and again. This is especially true when

  • You want to explore the effects of different constraints.

  • You want to explore the effects of different algorithm settings.

This is why Fandango offers a shell, in which

  • you can enter commands directly at a Fandango prompt

  • you can set and edit parameters once for future commands

  • settings are preserved during your session

  • your command history is preserved across sessions.

Invoking the Fandango Shell#

Invoking the Fandango shell is easy. Just invoke Fandango without a command:

$ fandango

and you will be greeted by the Fandango prompt

(fandango)

Invoking Commands#

At the (fandango) prompt, you can enter the same commands you already know from the command line, such as

(fandango) fuzz -f persons.fan -n 10

Tip

Use TAB to complete commands, options, and file names.

and you will get the same results:

Siajyzylwjxs Zqvfsfcogbuzeyloq,13915351192435173

Qxsejvuqjj Rl,6
Snmjxxdaarrierdptg Furuayvarrrcld,6150227513350609

Cimiuxisyprbbsoovmdf Bnyxjgesfudhdiucngwik,7851
Gktb Uavfoqwt,857135710068
Ula Vviwejrmgpruusulijo,912

Prbemoruwhlxyr Prouppjvdvtzsngajf,5
Aodtamzp Bicjngrteiindsv,21402805809
Xmstasvartvk Tbtxrste,9437626791

Hypoyzcvcmvfbqmewvzy Ji,8585

There is an important advantage though: You can set (and edit) a common environment for all commands.

Setting a Common Environment#

The set command (available only in the Fandango shell) allows you to specify resources and settings that are then applied to all later commands (notably, fuzz).

You can, for instance, specify a .fan file with

(fandango) set -f persons.fan -n 10

Note

A big advantage of the set command is that the .fan file is read only once, and then available for all later commands.

After options for resources and settings are set, you can omit them from later fuzz commands:

(fandango) fuzz

Note

If you give fuzz additional options, these temporarily override the settings given with set earlier. As an exception, constraints (-c) are added to those already set.

The options for the set command are roughly the same as for the fuzz command and include

  • .fan files (set -f FILE)

  • constraints (set -c CONSTRAINT)

  • algorithm settings (set --mutation-rate=0.2)

To get a full list of options, try help set.

Note

Some command-specific options like -o or -d (controlling the output of the fuzz command) are not available for setting with set.

Retrieving Settings#

To retrieve the current settings, simply enter set. This will list:

  • the grammar and constraints of the current .fan file

  • as well as any constraints or settings you have made

Here is an example:

(fandango) set -N 10
(fandango) set
<start> ::= <person_name> ',' <age>
<person_name> ::= <first_name> ' ' <last_name>
<first_name> ::= <name>
<last_name> ::= <name>
<name> ::= <ascii_uppercase_letter> <ascii_lowercase_letter>+
<age> ::= <digit>+
--max-generations=10

Resetting Settings#

To reset all settings to default values, use the reset command:

(fandango) reset

This will

  • clear all constraints defined with set

  • reset all algorithm settings to their default value.

The current .fan file stays unchanged.

Note

Loading a new .fan file also clears all set constraints.

Quotes and Escapes#

The Fandango shell uses the same quoting conventions as a POSIX system shell. For instance, to set a constraint, place it in quotes:

(fandango) set -c 'int(<age>) < 30'

You can also escape individual characters with backslashes:

(fandango) set -c int(<age>)\ <\ 30

Editing Commands#

The Fandango shell uses the GNU readline library. Therefore, you can

  • Use cursor keys left and right to edit commands

  • Use cursor keys up and down to scroll through history

  • Use the TAB key to expand command names, options, and arguments.

The command history is saved in ~/.fandango_history.

Invoking Commands from the Shell#

In the Fandango shell, you can invoke system commands by prefixing them with !:

(fandango) !ls
LICENSE.md		docs			requirements.txt
Makefile		language		src
README.md		pyproject.toml		tests

Tip

Use TAB to complete file names.

You can also invoke and evaluate Python commands by prefixing them with /:

(fandango) /import random
(fandango) /random.randint(10, 20)
11

If the command you enter has a value, the value is automatically printed.

Note

Invoking system and Python commands is only available when the input is a terminal.

Changing the Current Directory#

To change the current directory, Fandango provides a built-in cd command:

(fandango) cd docs/

Without arguments, cd switches to the home directory.

Important

This is different from Windows, where cd reports the current directory.

Getting Shell Commands from a File#

Instead of entering commands by keyboard, one can also have Fandango read in commands from a file or another command. This is done by redirecting the fandango standard input. To have Fandango read and execute commands from, say, commands.txt, use

$ fandango < commands.txt

Fandango can also process the commands issued from another program:

$ echo 'fuzz -n 10 -f persons.fan' | fandango

Nchvgb Dg,1330
Duybhvzoblpeiegolxqd Swyc,15776890878848372404
Uytkeld Fqyu,1308

Mcgumqxvdlezhat Exerajzqphqnaxqlbzmf,435
Glytmsr Asflowupzykhhh,428311875631

Lkhdlterazg Noxlhnkyje,31895845816037905
Qqsdoghvmxaezzfhvyxnt Rsuwjolanc,42689058732

Hjwotucp Lkdgulrzcethwiseoifg,15561132508449216
Jkesvdeyuelteypqgulbo Rakuflyafqvdl,1996772

Sjetejlrxrilqjlyp Andcruppcwdcwjxabxzgv,4511951954

Tip

The input file can contain blank lines as well as comments prefixed with #.

Note

System commands (!) and Python commands (/) are not available when reading from a file.

Exiting the Fandango Shell#

To exit the Fandango shell and return to the system command line, enter the command exit:

(fandango) exit
$

Entering an EOF (end-of-file) character, typically Ctrl-D, will also exit the shell.

(fandango) ^D
$

In the next section, we’ll talk about custom generators.

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